Fig. 5

Example iceberg effect calculations of naked and pelleted and coated sugar beet seeds based on contact area, a ring of 100 µm and a ring of 300 µm width. The seeds have grown for 1 day to ensure that the surrounding environment had sufficient time to settle. A Contact area divided by soil volume percentage of the 100 µm ring displayed as the volume effect percentage and contact area divided by soil surface within the 100 µm ring displayed as the surface effect percentage. B Contact area divided by soil volume percentage of the 300 µm ring displayed as the volume effect percentage and contact area divided by soil surface within the 300 µm ring displayed as the surface effect percentage. C Soil volume percentage of the 100 µm ring divided by soil volume percentage of the 300 µm ring as well as surface area of the 100 µm ring divided by the soil surface area of the 300 µm ring. Error bars calculated for standard error deviation. N = 4