Fig. 1

Root phenotyping pipeline consisting of five steps. (I) Plants are grown on germination paper placed into a petri dish; (II) opened petri dishes containing seedlings are imaged with a camera placed vertically at a height of 39 cm above the petri dish to include all the germination paper as well as the part of the lid of the petri dish containing the QR code; (III) image processing algorithms are used to identify the QR code and the region of the blue germination paper containing roots; (IV) the location of seeds and root tips are marked on cropped images using a manual stylet and customised software; (V) a suite of algorithms are employed to trace roots and extract root traits from the tracings