Quantifying pruning impacts on olive tree architecture and annual canopy growth by using UAV-based 3D modelling

Table 5 Impact of the tree pruning treatment on tree restoration, when computed as the differences in the canopy area, tree height, and crown volume between date 3 (1-year after pruning) and date 1 (before pruning)

Pruning treatments	Area (Date 3 − Date 1)		Height (Date 3 − Date 1)		Volume (Date 3 − Date 1)
Pruning treatments	Mean ± SD (m²)	%^a	Mean ± SD (m)	%^a	Mean ± SD (m³)	%^a
Mechanical	2.35 ± 1.76	26.14	−0.59 ± 0.42	−14.26	0.87 ± 6.47	10.26
Adapted	−0.23 ± 2.50	1.95	−0.10 ± 0.36	−1.99	−5.88 ± 7.81	−10.76
Traditional	0.39 ± 2.32	6.68	0.03 ± 0.28	1.01	−1.68 ± 6.80	0.29

^aAverage percentage of increase (+) or decrease (−) of each tree geometric feature between the date 3 and the date 1, as follow: % = (feature_date3 − feature_date1)/(feature_date1)

ISSN: 1746-4811