Fig. 6

Side view operation as an additional application of FluorCam-device in system for small plants. a Set-up of FluorCam-module in side view operation. b Influence of operating and adaptation time variation on the value of Φ_PSII in wheat seedlings cv. “Kanzler” (9 DAS). Measurements were carried out successively at one day in periods of 9–15 min (total time 130 min). The data are the mean ± SD of 4 replicate measurements. Letters indicate statistically significant differences at the p < 0.05 level according to ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni test. c Φ_PSII images of a wheat seedling captured at different operating times. Measurements were performed at a PAR of 450 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹