Fig. 1From: High spatio-temporal-resolution detection of chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics from a single chloroplast with confocal imaging fluorometerPrinciple and basic components of a confocal imaging fluorometer. Laser beam is reflected by a dichroic mirror and goes through a set of scanning mirrors, then focused by an objective lens onto the specimen. Fluorescence signals is epi-collected in the same path, and filtered out by the dichroic mirror. A confocal pinhole is used to allow only fluorescence emitted from the focal plane being detected by the PMTBack to article page