Table 2 Tentative identification of photoisomerised isomers after illumination of all-trans standards

1

9-cis-neoxanthin

3.78

328.0,(418.0),439.0, 468.0

327.0,416.0, 439.0, 468.0

0.13

0.16

55.55

[20]

2

Phytoene isomer 1

3.89

277.0

3

Phytoene isomer 2

4.18

265.0, 272.0

19.08

4

13-cis or 13′-cis-Lutein

5.00

330.0,(420.0),441.0, 466.0

332.0,416.0, 440.0, 468.0

0.39

0.39

23.07

[21]

5

Phytoene isomer 3

5.02

270.0

6

9-cis-violaxanthin

5.03

327.0, 412.0, 435.0, 464.0

328.0,412.0, 436.0, 464.0

0.12

0.11

87.5

[22]

7

15-cis zeaxanthin

5.25

335.0, (422.0), 447.0, 470.0

338.0,422.0, 446.0, 470.0

0.48

0.45

[23]

8

13-cis zeaxanthin

5.49

337.0, (422.0), 444.0, 469.0

338.0,424.0, 446.0, 472.0

0.43

0.37

8.69

[23]

9

9-cis-antheraxanthin

5.68

330.0, (419.0), 442.0, 469.0

332.0,440.0, 468.0

0.13

0.09

5.33

[24]

10

Phytoene isomer

5.88

(276.0), 286.0, (298.0)

11

9-cis or 9′-cis-Lutein

6.18

333.0, (419.0), 440.0, 468.0

332.0,416.0, 440.0, 470.0

0.08

0.13

64.70

[21]

12

9′-cis-antheraxanthin

6.29

330.0, (419.0), 441.0, 468.0

332.0,440.0, 468.0

0.07

0.08

53.57

[24]

13

13-cis-β-cryptoxanthin

6.73

336.0, (421.0), 449.0, 473.0

0.25

14

9-cis-zeaxanthin

7.02

341.0, (422.0), 446.0, 473.0

338.0,422.0, 446.0, 474.0

0.11

0.12

36.36

[23]

15

13′-cis β-cryptoxanthin

7.08

336.0, (418.0), 444.0, 469.0

336.0,415.0, 443.0, 470.0

0.43

0.47

10.43

[25]

16

15,9′-cis-phytofluene

7.81

332.0, 348.0, 367.0

330.0, 347.0, 366.0

71.42

[26]

17

Phytofluene isomer 1

8.08

332.0, 348.0, 367.0

82.92

18

13-cis-α-carotene

8.19

331.0, 418.0, 440.0, 466.0

330.0,417.0, 438.0, 466.0

0.43

0.43

33.33

[26,27]

19

9-cis-β-cryptoxanthin

8.38

336.0, (420.0), 446.0, 473.0

339.0,418.0, 445.0, 472.0

0.10

0.16

33.33

[25]

20

13′-cis α-Carotene

8.41

329.0, 416.0, 439.0, 466.0

332.0,416.0, 438.0, 465.0

0.35

0.41

33.33

[27]

21

9′-cis β-cryptoxanthin

8.55

338.0, (421.0), 447.0, 473.0

339.0,420.0, 445.0, 472.0

0.08

0.13

36.36

[25]

22

15-cis β-carotene

8.80

338.0, (420.0), 444.0, 468.0

337.0,420.0, 444.0, 470.0

0.42

0.41

[10]

23

9,15,9′ cis-ζ-carotene

8.90

295.0, 378.0, 397.0, 423.0

296.0, 377.0, 399.0, 424.0

0.34

0.24

76.92

[28]

24

ζ-carotene isomer 1

9.10

296.0, 375.0, 395.0, 420.0

276.0, 375.0, 395.0, 420.0

0.25

0.23

86.30

[28]

25

9-cis α-carotene

9.24

330.0, 419.0, 441.0, 469.0

330.0,418.0, 441.0, 467.0

0.08

0.1

90.90

[26,27]

26

δ-carotene isomer 1

9.60

345.0, 425.0, 450.0, 480.0

0.48

53.12

27

9′-cis α-Carotene

9.71

330.0, 421.0, 442.0, 469.0

330.0,421.0, 441.0, 469.0

0.12

0.08

50.00

[27]

28

δ-carotene isomer 2

9.75

345.0, 428.0, 453.0, 483.0

349.0, 430.0, 453.0, 482.0

0.54

0.42

42.85

[20]

29

ζ-carotene isomer 2

9.84

379.0, 401.0, 426.0

380.0, 401.0, 426.0

112.90

[28]

30

9-cis-β-carotene

9.97

346.0, (420.0), 447.0, 473.0

335.0, 421.0, 447.0, 472.0

0.10

0.09

31.80

[20,29]

31

Cis γ-carotene 1

10.18

348.0, 432.0, 454.0, 481.0

0.44

15.38

32

δ-carotene isomer 3

10.27

426.0, 451.0, 481.0

71.42

33

15-cis-neurosporene

10.46

330.0, 412.0, 435.0, 463.0

464.0

0.47

0.48

59.09

[30]

34

δ-carotene isomer 4

10.58

346.0, 425.0, 450.0, 480.0

0.39

64.51

35

Cis γ-carotene 2

11.00

348.0, 433.0, 455.0, 486.0

0.20

40.00

36

13-cis-neurosporene

11.20

330.0, 412.0, 434.0, 462.0

461.0

0.18

0.11

79.16

[30]

37

di-cis-lycopene 1

11.20

434.0, 457.0, 488.0

350.0, 458.0

57.0

[19]

38

di-cis-lycopene 2

12.10

460.0, 488.0

350.0, 464.0, 488.0

0.25

12.5

[19]

39

δ-carotene-isomer 5

12.14

428.0, 453.0, 484.0

73.07

40

15-cis-lycopene

12.51

361.0, 440.0, 467.0, 495.0

360.0, 437.0, 466.0, 494.0

0.57

0.75

18.75

[19]

41

13-cis-lycopene

12.83

361.0, 442.0, 465.0, 495.0

360.0, 437.0, 463.0, 494.0

0.58

0.55

35.71

[31]

42

9-cis-lycopene

13.64

440.0, 467.0, 497.0

360.0, 438.0, 464.0, 494.0

0.27

0.13

66.66

[31]

43

di-cis-lycopene 3

14.19

446.0, 472.0, 503.0

446.0, 472.0, 503.0

0.15

0.08

70.58

[31]

44

5-cis-lycopene

15.08

446.0, 472.0, 503.0

362.0, 442.0, 470.0, 502.0

0.06

74.28

[31]