Table 1 Formulas and abbreviations of the employed vegetation indices

Area under continuum-removed curve

ANCB_{650 − 720}  : Continuum removal based method

Chlorophyll a & b content (Canopy)

[30]

Blue/Green index

\( {\mathrm{BGI}}_2=\frac{\mathrm{R}450}{\mathrm{R}550} \)

Chlorophyll content (Canopy)

[31]

Chlorophyll green index

\( \mathrm{Chlgreen} = \frac{\mathrm{R}790}{\mathrm{R}550} - 1 \)

Chlorophyll (Leaf)

[32]

Chlorophyll red edge index

\( \mathrm{Chlred}\ \mathrm{edge} = \frac{\mathrm{R}790}{\mathrm{R}705} - 1 \)

Chlorophyll (Leaf)

[32]

Enhanced vegetation index

\( \mathrm{E}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{I}=2.5\kern0.5em *\frac{\mathrm{R}800-\mathrm{R}670}{\mathrm{R}800+6\kern0.5em *\kern0.5em \mathrm{R}670-7.5\kern0.5em *\kern0.5em \mathrm{R}400+1} \)

Chlorophyll (Canopy)

[33]

Modified chlorophyll absorption reflectance index

\( \mathrm{MCARI} = \left(\left(\mathrm{R}701 - \mathrm{R}670\right) - 0.2\kern0.5em *\kern0.5em \left(\mathrm{R}701 - \mathrm{R}550\right)\right)\kern0.5em *\kern0.5em \frac{\mathrm{R}701}{\mathrm{R}670} \)

Chlorophyll (Leaf, Canopy)

[34]

Modified normalized difference index

\( \mathrm{m}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{D} = \frac{\mathrm{R}750-\mathrm{R}705}{\mathrm{R}750+\mathrm{R}705-2\kern0.5em *\kern0.5em \mathrm{R}445} \)

Chlorophyll (Leaf)

[35]

Modified simple ratio

\( \mathrm{m}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{R} = \frac{\mathrm{R}750 - \mathrm{R}445}{\mathrm{R}705 - \mathrm{R}445} \)

Green biomass Chlorophyll (Leaf)

[35]

Normalized difference index

\( \mathrm{N}\mathrm{D} = \frac{\mathrm{R}750 - \mathrm{R}705}{\mathrm{R}750 + \mathrm{R}705} \)

Chlorophyll (Leaf)

[36]

Normalized difference vegetation index

\( \mathrm{NDVI}=\frac{\mathrm{R}800-\mathrm{R}670}{\mathrm{R}800+\mathrm{R}670} \)

Biomass, leaf area (Canopy)

[37]

Structure insensitive pigment index

\( \mathrm{SIPI}=\frac{\mathrm{R}800-\mathrm{R}455}{\mathrm{R}800+\mathrm{R}680} \)

Carotinoid/chlorophyll a ratio (Leaf)

[38]

Simple ratio 1

\( {\mathrm{SR}}_{750/710} = \frac{\mathrm{R}750}{\mathrm{R}710} \)

Chlorophyll (Canopy)

[39]

Simple ratio 2

\( \mathrm{S}\mathrm{R} = \frac{\mathrm{R}800}{\mathrm{R}670} \)

Green biomass (Canopy)

[40]

Pigment specific normalized difference a

\( \mathrm{PSNDa}=\frac{\mathrm{R}800-\mathrm{R}680}{\mathrm{R}800+\mathrm{R}680} \)

Chlorophyll a (Leaf)

[41]

Pigment specific normalized difference b

\( \mathrm{PSNDb} = \frac{\mathrm{R}800 - \mathrm{R}635}{\mathrm{R}800 + \mathrm{R}635} \)

Chlorophyll b (Leaf)

[41]

Plant senescence index

\( \mathrm{PSRI} = \frac{\mathrm{R}680 - \mathrm{R}500}{\mathrm{R}750} \)

Plant senescence (Leaf)

[42]

Pigment specific simple ratio a

\( \mathrm{PSSRa}=\frac{\mathrm{R}800}{\mathrm{R}680} \)

Chlorophyll a (Leaf)

[41]

Pigment specific simple ratio b

\( \mathrm{PSSRb}=\frac{\mathrm{R}800}{\mathrm{R}635} \)

Chlorophyll b (Leaf)

[41]

Transformed chlorophyll absorption in reflectance Index

\( \mathrm{TCARI}=3*\left(\left(\mathrm{R}700-\mathrm{R}670\right)-0.2*\left(\mathrm{R}700-\mathrm{R}550\right)*\left(\frac{\mathrm{R}700}{\mathrm{R}670}\right)\right) \)

Chlorophyll (Canopy)

[43]

Transformed chlorophyll absorption in reflectance Index/Optimized soil-Adjusted vegetation index

\( \frac{\mathrm{TCARI}}{\mathrm{OSAVI}}=3\kern0.5em *\kern0.5em \frac{\left(\mathrm{R}700-\mathrm{R}670\right)-0.2\kern0.5em *\kern0.5em \left(\mathrm{R}700-\mathrm{R}550\right)\kern0.5em *\kern0.5em \left(\frac{\mathrm{R}700}{\mathrm{R}670}\right)}{\left(1+0.16\right)\kern0.5em *\kern0.5em \frac{\mathrm{R}800-\mathrm{R}670}{\mathrm{R}800+\mathrm{R}670+0.16}} \)

Chlorophyll (Canopy)

[43]

Triangular vegetation index

TVI = 0.5 * (120 * (R750 − R550) − 200 * (R670 − R550))

Leaf area and chlorophyll content (Canopy)

[44]

Vogelmann

\( \mathrm{V}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{G}=\frac{\mathrm{R}740}{\mathrm{R}720} \)

Chlorophyll (Leaf)

[45]